YAML是一种更适合人阅读的文件格式,很多大型的项目像Ruby on Rails都选择YAML作为配置文件的格式。如果项目的配置很少,用JSON或YAML没有多大差别。看看rails项目中的配置文件,如果用JSON写试试什么感受吧。
在《实现自己的.NET Core配置Provider之EF》中已经讲过配置的执行流程,这里不再复述,直接动手。
YamlConfigurationProvider
Yaml是基于文件的,可以直接从FileConfigurationProvider
继承,在FileConfigurationProvider实现了监控文件变化并自动重新加载的功能。
internal class YamlConfigurationProvider : FileConfigurationProvider { public YamlConfigurationProvider(FileConfigurationSource source) : base(source) { } public override void Load(Stream stream) { var parser = new YamlConfigurationFileParser(); Data = parser.Parse(stream); } }
YamlConfigurationParser
是解析Yaml文件的核心,后面会介绍。
YamlConfigurationSource
internal class YamlConfigurationSource : FileConfigurationSource { public override IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder) { EnsureDefaults(builder); return new YamlConfigurationProvider(this); } }
YamlConfigurationSource
实现父类的Build方法,返回YamlConfigurationProvider。
AddYamlFile扩展方法
为添加Yaml配置源增加扩展方法。
public static class YamlConfigurationExtensions { public static IConfigurationBuilder AddYamlFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path) { return AddYamlFile(builder, provider: null, path: path, optional: false, reloadOnChange: false); } public static IConfigurationBuilder AddYamlFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path, bool optional) { return AddYamlFile(builder, provider: null, path: path, optional: optional, reloadOnChange: false); } public static IConfigurationBuilder AddYamlFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path, bool optional, bool reloadOnChange) { return AddYamlFile(builder, provider: null, path: path, optional: optional, reloadOnChange: reloadOnChange); } public static IConfigurationBuilder AddYamlFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, IFileProvider provider, string path, bool optional, bool reloadOnChange) { if (builder == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder)); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path)) { throw new ArgumentException(Resources.Error_InvalidFilePath, nameof(path)); } return builder.AddYamlFile(s => { s.FileProvider = provider; s.Path = path; s.Optional = optional; s.ReloadOnChange = reloadOnChange; s.ResolveFileProvider(); }); } internal static IConfigurationBuilder AddYamlFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, Action<YamlConfigurationSource> configureSource) { var source = new YamlConfigurationSource(); configureSource(source); return builder.Add(source); } }
YamlConfigurationFileParser
解析Yaml是核心的功能,目前github有开源的C# Yaml项目:YamlDotNet和SharpYaml 。SharpYaml Fork自YamlDotNet,但做了不少改进并支持Yaml1.2,不过需要netstandard1.6+。YamlDotNet支持Yaml1.1,需要netstandard1.3+。我选择的YamlSharp。
Yaml可表示三种类型的数据:Scalar(标量,如字符串、布尔值、整数等)、Sequence(序列,如数组)和Mapping(映射,如字典,键值对等)。
关于Yaml可以参考阮一峰老师的《YAML 语言教程》。
SharpYaml会把Yaml文件转换为树形结构,然后我们只需要把所有的叶子节点的路径作为字典的键,将叶子节点的值作为字典的值存储起来就可以了。
internal class YamlConfigurationFileParser { private readonly IDictionary<string, string> _data = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.Ordinal); private readonly Stack<string> _context = new Stack<string>(); private string _currentPath; public IDictionary<string, string> Parse(Stream input) { _data.Clear(); _context.Clear(); var yaml = new YamlStream(); yaml.Load(new StreamReader(input)); if (yaml.Documents.Count > 0) { var rootNode = yaml.Documents[0].RootNode; VisitYamlNode("", rootNode); } return _data; } private void VisitYamlNode(string context, YamlNode node) { if (node is YamlScalarNode) { VisitYamlScalarNode(context, (YamlScalarNode)node); } else if (node is YamlMappingNode) { VisitYamlMappingNode(context, (YamlMappingNode)node); } else if (node is YamlSequenceNode) { VisitYamlSequenceNode(context, (YamlSequenceNode)node); } } private void VisitYamlScalarNode(string context, YamlScalarNode node) { EnterContext(context); if (_data.ContainsKey(_currentPath)) { throw new FormatException(string.Format(Resources.Error_KeyIsDuplicated, _currentPath)); } _data[_currentPath] = node.Value; ExitContext(); } private void VisitYamlMappingNode(string context, YamlMappingNode node) { EnterContext(context); foreach (var yamlNode in node.Children) { context = ((YamlScalarNode)yamlNode.Key).Value; VisitYamlNode(context, yamlNode.Value); } ExitContext(); } private void VisitYamlSequenceNode(string context, YamlSequenceNode node) { EnterContext(context); for (int i = 0; i < node.Children.Count; i++) { VisitYamlNode(i.ToString(), node.Children[i]); } ExitContext(); } private void EnterContext(string context) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(context)) { _context.Push(context); } _currentPath = ConfigurationPath.Combine(_context.Reverse()); } private void ExitContext() { if (_context.Any()) { _context.Pop(); } _currentPath = ConfigurationPath.Combine(_context.Reverse()); } }
最后
本项目已在github上开源,地址:https://github.com/chengxulvtu/Cxlt.Extensions.Configuration
在项目中使用可以执行下面的命令
Install-Package Cxlt.Extensions.Configuration.Yaml
或
dotnet add package Cxlt.Extensions.Configuration.Yaml
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